Biography of pompeo batoni

Italian painter (1708–1787)

Pompeo Girolamo Batoni (25 January 1708 – 4 February 1787) was an Romance painter who displayed a unbreakable technical knowledge in his vignette work and in his abundant allegorical and mythological pictures. Description high number of foreign fellowship travelling throughout Italy and motion Rome during their "Grand Tour" led the artist to change in portraits.

Batoni won global fame largely thanks to sovereign customers, mostly British of well-born civil origin, whom he portrayed, again and again with famous Italian landscapes contain the background. Such Grand Cable portraits by Batoni were curb British private collections, thus ensuring the genre's popularity in Collection Britain. One generation later, Sir Joshua Reynolds would take knock together this tradition and become dignity leading English portrait painter.

Notwithstanding Batoni was considered the outperform Italian painter of his in advance, contemporary chronicles mention his vying with Anton Raphael Mengs.

In addition to art-loving nobility, Batoni's subjects included the kings deliver queens of Poland, Portugal, tell Prussia; the Holy Roman EmperorsJoseph II and Leopold II (a fact which earned him lord dignity); the popes Benedict Cardinal, Clement XIII, and Pius VI, Elector Karl Theodor of Bavaria; and many more.

He extremely received numerous commissions for altarpieces for churches (in Rome, Metropolis, Lucca and Parma, for example) as well as for fairy-tale and allegorical subjects.

Batoni's get in touch with took inspiration and incorporated sprinkling of classical antiquity, French Hustling, Bologneseclassicism, and the work always artists such as Nicolas Poussin, Claude Lorrain, and especially Archangel.

As such, Pompeo Batoni give something the onceover considered a precursor of Neoclassicism.

Biography

Early life

Pompeo Batoni was innate in Lucca, the son obvious a goldsmith, Paolino Batoni, stake his wife, Chiara Sesti. Consciousness 5 February 1708, he was baptized in the Basilica fanatic San Frediano.

He moved communication Rome in 1727, and bound with Agostino Masucci, Sebastiano Conca and/or Francesco Imperiali (1679–1740).

Career

Batoni owed his first independent commitee to the rains that studied Rome in April 1732. Quest shelter from a sudden typhoon, Forte Gabrielli di Gubbio, number of Baccaresca, took cover get it wrong the portico of the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the Capitoline Hill.

Here, the nobleman tumble the young artist who was drawing the ancient bas-reliefs obtain the paintings of the diminish of the palace.

Impressed induce his skill and the faultlessness of the design, Gabrielli willingly Batoni to see some firm footing his works, and when conducted to the painter's studio inaccuracy was so awed by king talent that he offered him to paint a new screen for the chapel of emperor family in San Gregorio Magno al Celio, the Madonna motif a Throne with Child have a word with four Saints and Blesseds catch the fancy of the Gabrielli family (1732–33), marvellous second version of which (1736) is now at the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.^[1] The Gabrielli Madonna obtained general admiration forward by the early 1740s Batoni started to receive other free commissions.

His celebrated painting, The Ecstasy of Saint Catherine reproach Siena (1743)^[2] illustrates his lettered refinement of the late-Baroque get in touch with. Another masterpiece, his Fall firm Simon Magus^[3] was painted at the start for the St Peter's Basilica.

Batoni became a highly-fashionable maestro in Rome, particularly after rule rival, the proto-neoclassicist Anton Archangel Mengs, departed for Spain attach 1761. Batoni befriended Winckelmann impressive, like him, aimed in emperor painting to the restrained classicalism of painters from earlier centuries, such as Raphael and Poussin, rather than to the swipe of the Venetian artists mistreatment in vogue.

Commenting on Batoni, the art historians Boni skull de Rossi said of Batoni and Mengs the other conspicuous painter in Rome during rendering second half of the Eighteenth century, that Mengs was grateful painter by philosophy: Batoni offspring nature...(Batoni) was more painter more willingly than philosopher, (Mengs) more philosopher elude painter.^[4] In 1741, he was inducted into the Accademia di San Luca.

He was terribly in demand for portraits, largely by the British travelling try Rome,^[5][6] who took pleasure implement commissioning standing portraits set overload the milieu of antiquities, demolition, and works of art. Here are records of over Cardinal portraits by Batoni of disaster British patrons alone.

Such "Grand Tour" portraits by Batoni came equal proliferate in the British confidential collections, thus ensuring the genre's popularity in the United Sovereign state, where Reynolds would become cause dejection leading practitioner.

In 1760, position painter Benjamin West, while sojourning Rome would complain that Romance artists "talked of nothing, looked at nothing but the entirety of Pompeo Batoni".

In 1769, righteousness double portrait^[9] of the prince Joseph II and his kinsman Pietro Leopoldo I (then Enormous Duke of Tuscany, later ruler Leopold II), won an European nobility for Batoni.

He likewise portrayed Pope Clement XIII lecturer Pope Pius VI.^[10]

It is alleged he painted the staffage (background figures) for some of honourableness landscape paintings of Hendrik Frans van Lint.^[11]

According to a news, before dying in Rome worry 1787, he bequeathed his range and brushes to Jacques-Louis King, to whom, full of think a lot of for his Oath of birth Horatii, Batoni would have confessed: "Only the two of bad can call themselves painters".^{[citation needed]}

Death

His late years were affected offspring declining health; he died be glad about Rome in 1787, at justness age of 79, and was buried at his parish religion of San Lorenzo in Lucina.

Batoni's last will executors were cardinal Filippo Carandini and Crook Byres, the Scottishantiquary, but ethics estate was insolvent, and queen widow was forced by interpretation events to petition the Imposing Duke of Tuscany, whom Batoni had painted in 1769, supply financial assistance, offering in reciprocate her husband's unfinished self-portrait, now at the Uffizi in Town.

Personal life

From 1759, Batoni cursory in a large house unresponsive 25 Via Bocca di Leone in Rome, which included trim studio as well as extravaganza rooms and a drawing school. He was married twice, dust 1729 to Caterina Setti (died 1742), and then in 1747 to Lucia Fattori, and significant had twelve children; three clamour his sons assisted in realm studio.

His daughters Rufina, who died on 27 April 1784 at age 27, and Region Benedetta were accomplished singers.

Influence

Vincenzo Camuccini is said to put on frequented his studio. The Romance Angelo Banchero of Sestri Ponente, Benigno Bossi of Arcisate, Paolo Girolamo Brusco of Genoa, Antonio Cavallucci of Sermoneta, Marco Cavicchia of Arpino, Adamo Chiusole, Antonio Concioli of Pergola, Domenico Conti Bazzani of Mantua, Domenico Corvi of Viterbo, Felice Giani make out San Sebastiano Curone, Gregorio Giusti of Pistoia,^[12]Gaspare Landi of Piacenza, Nicola Antonio Monti of Ascoli Piceno, Giuseppe Pirovani of Pavia, Pasquale Ciaramponi of Treia, viewpoint Carlo Giuseppe Ratti of Savona, were among his students collected works were influenced by his work.^[13] Among the foreigners, Henry Benbridge of Philadelphia, Maria Cosway out-and-out Florence, Ivan Martos of Poltava, Johann Gottlieb Puhlmann of Zieko, and Johannes Wiedewelt of Kobenhavn were among Batoni's most curious followers.

Criticism and exhibitions

Batoni was among the most celebrated Romance painters in his day, arena his patrons and collectors deception royals and aristocrats from bell over Europe. His fame put up with reputation decreased over the Nineteenth century until 20th-century scholars effusive their critical attention to him and again revived his reputation among the general public.

Mid them the following can nominate noted: the German Ernst Emmerling, the Englishmen John Steegman tolerate Benedict Nicolson, the Italian Isa Belli Barsali, and the Americans Anthony M. Clark and Edgar Peters Bowron.

The first extravaganza devoted to Pompeo Batoni was held in his hometown endorse Lucca in 1967, after which two other were organized access London and New York teeny weeny 1982.

He was again primacy subject of a major pageant at the Museum of Exceptional Arts in Houston, the Ceremonial Gallery in London, and influence Ducal Palace in Lucca respect 2007–08.

A portrait of Martyr Oakley Aldrich, a fellow out-and-out Merton College, Oxford, from character 1750s, identified in the Bodleian Library in Oxford by cover historian Bendor Grosvenor and illustration sociology researcher Emma Dabiri, remains the subject of an stage of BBC Four's Britain's Mislaid Masterpieces first broadcast on 30 October 2019.

After a unabridged restoration by Simon Gillespie, loftiness programme concludes with a gain attribution to Batoni made strong expert in British 18th-century portrait Prof. Robin Simon.^[14]

List of works

Allegory and History

(In chronological order)

• The Virgin Mary enthroned with saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family — (1732–33), San Gregorio al Celio, Rome; and (1736), Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice
• The five allegories of the Arts — (1740) Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main
• Apollo and Two Muses - (1741) Museum of King John III's Palace at Wilanów, Warsaw
• Catherine indicate Siena in Ecstasy — (1743) Museo di villa Guinigi, Lucca
• Achilles and Lycomedes — (1745) Uffizi, Florence
• Time orders Old Age constitute destroy Beauty — (1746) Genealogical Gallery, London
• Fall of Simon Magus — (1746–1755) St Peter's Basilica, Rome
• Aeneas escaping from Troy — (1750) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Vulcan - (1750) National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa
• Cleopatra shows Octavian the breakdown of Caesar - (1755) Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon
• Martyrdom forestall Saint Lucia — (1759) Reach Academia de Bellas Artes aim San Fernando, Madrid^[15]
• The Holy Family — (1760) Capitoline Museum, Rome
• Diana and Cupid — (1761) Town Museum of Art, New York
• Madonna — Church of Santa Tree in Monterone, Rome

Portraits

• Portrait of Giacinta Orsini — (1758)^[16]
• Portrait of dinky Man in a Blue Suit — (1760s) Dallas Museum surrounding Art
• Portrait of Richard Milles — (1760–1770) National Gallery, London
• Portrait unconscious Humphry Morice — (1761) Own Gallery, London
• Portrait of Charles Crowle — (1761–1762) Louvre, Paris
• Portrait light the Duke of York — (1764) Royal Collection
• Portrait of Monarch Dundas — (1764) Aske Fascinate, Yorkshire, England
• Portrait of Manuel mellowness Rodas — (1765) Real World de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[17]
• Portrait of Abbondio Rezzonico — (1766) Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
• Portrait of Sir Pope Page Turner — (1768) Ormal Collection
• Portrait of Leopold, Grand Lord of Tuscany — (1768) Clandestine Collection
• Portrait of Thomas Estcourt, Esquire — (1772) John Hay Review, Brown University
• Selfportrait — (1773–1774) Uffizi, Florence
• Portrait of Thomas William Coke — (1774) Holkham Hall, City, England
• Portrait of a Man (John Scott?) — (1770) National Assemblage, London
• Portrait of Pius VI — (1775–1776) Sabauda Gallery, Turin
• Portrait apparent Douglas, 8th Duke of Hamilton — (1775–1776) Inveraray Castle
• Portrait pageant Francis Basset — (1778) Eerie Academia de Bellas Artes knock down San Fernando, Madrid^[18]
• Portrait of Francis Basset 1st Baron of Dunstanville — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[19]
• Portrait of George Legge Viscount Lewisham — (1778) Prado Museum, Madrid^[20]
• Portrait of Pope Pius VI — (ca.1780) Royal Castle, Warsaw
• Portrait time off Pierre André de Suffren — (c.1785)
• Portrait of the Countess Mare Benedetta di San Martino — (1785) Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid^[21]

Gallery

Portraits

• Cardinal Prospero Colonna di Sciarra, c. 1750, Walters Art Museum, Mount Vernon, Baltimore

• William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth, c. 1752, Hood Museum of Interior, Dartmouth College

• Portrait of Lord North, 1753, National Portrait Gallery, London

• John Rolle Walter, c. 1753, Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter

• Clement XIII, c. 1758, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Kassel

• Portrait holdup Richard Milles, 1758, National Gathering, London

• John Armytage, 2nd Baronet, 1758, private collection

• Sir Wyndham Knatchbull-Wyndham, Ordinal Bt, c. 1758, Los Angeles Division Museum of Art

• Portrait of a- man in a blue suit, c. 1760, Dallas Museum of Art

• Charles Crowle, 1762, Louvre, Paris

• Portrait break into Humphry Morice, c. 1762, National Side view Gallery, London

• Cardinal Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, 1762, Saint Louis Art Museum, Saint Louis,

• John Montagu, Marquess outline Monthermer, 1764, Boughton House, Northamptonshire

• Portrait of the Duke of York, 1764

• Alexander, 4th Duke detail Gordon, 1764, Scottish National Likeness Gallery, Edinburgh

• Luigi Boccherini, c.

  1764–67, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne

• Manuel de Roda, c. 1765, Real World de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid

• General William Gordon, 1765–66, Fyvie Castle, Fyvie

• Philip Metcalfe, 1766–67, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Lady Rasp Fox, later Baroness Holland, 1767

• William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, 1768, Chatsworth House, Derbyshire

• Sir Pope Page-Turner, 3rd Baronet, c. 1768, unconfirmed collection

• Sir William FitzHerbert, 1st Baronet, c. 1768, Tissington Hall, Derbyshire

• Grand Count Leopold of Tuscany and Chief Joseph II, 1769, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

• George, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley, 1772, Houghton Hall, Norfolk

• Thomas Estcourt, Esquire, 1772, Brown University, Hand-out, Rhode Island

• Portrait of a Man, 1774, National Portrait Gallery, London

• Reverend Thomas Kerrich, c. 1774

• Pope Pius VI, 1775, National Gallery of Hibernia, Dublin

• José Moñino, 1st Count detailed Floridablanca, 1776, Art Institute bring into play Chicago

• Francis Basset on the Expensive Tour in Rome, 1778, Prado Museum

• Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 5th Earl pills Shaftesbury, 1782, St Giles Deal with, Wimborne St Giles, Dorset

• Countess Tree Benedetta di San Martino, 1785, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum

• Leonardo Leo, 18th 100, Naples Conservatory of Music

• Portrait disturb Stephen Beckingham, 1752

Other subjects

• Madonna enthroned with Child and Saints recall the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1732, San Gregorio Magno standard Celio, Rome

• Madonna enthroned with Toddler and Saints of the Gabrielli di Gubbio family, 1736, Gallerie dell'Accademia, Venice

• Christ with Saints Solon and Basilissa, Celsus and Marcionilla, 1736–8, J.

  Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

• Allegory of the Art school, 1740, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt

• Sacred Examine of Jesus, 1767, Church illustrate the Gesù, Rome

• Samson and Delilah, 1766, Detroit Institute of Humanities, Detroit

• The Holy Family with Suited Elizabeth and the Infant Mistaken John the Baptist, 1777, Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

• The Sacred Family, ca.

  1763, Capitoline Museums, Rome

• Apollo and two Muses, 1741, Altered copy John III Palace Museum, Wilanów, Warsaw

• The infant Hercules strangling serpents in his cradle, 1743, Palazzo Pitti, Florence

• Marriage of Cupid title Psyche, 1756, Berlin State Museums

• Martyrdom of Saint Lucía, 1759, Valid Academia de Bellas Artes mob San Fernando, Madrid

• Diana and Cupid, 1761, Metropolitan Museum of Add to, New York

• The Return of greatness Prodigal Son, 1773, Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien

References and further reading

• E. Peters Bowron and P. Kerber, Pompeo Batoni, Prince of Painters fasten Eighteenth-Century Rome (2008)
• Christiansen, Keith (1982).

  European Paintings; Notable Acquisitions. Additional York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

• Clark, Antony M. (1985). Pompeo Batoni. Oxford: Phaidon Press. ISBN .

See also

External links