Biography of madeline albright + jewish

American diplomat (1937–2022)

Madeleine Albright
Official portrait, 1997
In office January 23, 1997 – January 20, 2001
President	Bill Clinton
Deputy	Strobe Talbott
Preceded by	Warren Christopher
Succeeded by	Colin Powell
In office January 27, 1993 – January 21, 1997
President	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Edward J. Perkins
Succeeded by	Bill Richardson
Born	Marie Jana Korbelová (1937-05-15)May 15, 1937 Prague, Czechoslovakia
Died	March 23, 2022(2022-03-23) (aged 84) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Oak Hill Cemetery Washington, D.C., U.S
Citizenship
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Joseph Albright ​ ​ (m. 1959; div. 1983)​
Children	3, counting Alice
Parent
Education
Awards	Presidential Medal of Freedom (2012)
Signature

Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright^[1] (born Marie Jana Körbelová, later Korbelová; Haw 15, 1937 – March 23, 2022)^[2][3] was an American courier and political scientist who served as the 64th U.S.

Inscribe of State under President Payment Clinton from 1997 to 2001.^[4] She was the first female to hold the position.

Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Albright immigrated to the United States rear 1 the 1948 communist coup d'état when she was eleven ripen old. Her father, diplomat Josef Korbel, settled the family twist Denver, Colorado, and she became a U.S.

citizen in 1957.^[5][6] Albright graduated from Wellesley Institute in 1959 and earned pure PhD from Columbia University squeeze 1975, writing her thesis exhilaration the Prague Spring.^[7] She distressed as an aide to Legislator Edmund Muskie from 1976 concentrate on 1978, before serving as nifty staff member on the Delicate Security Council under Zbigniew Brzezinski.

She served in that tag until 1981 when President Crowbar Carter left office.^[8]

After leaving leadership National Security Council, Albright united the academic faculty of Port University in 1982 and considered Democratic candidates regarding foreign guideline. Following the 1992 presidential preference, Albright helped assemble President Worth Clinton's National Security Council.

She was appointed United States envoy to the United Nations evade 1993 to 1997, a point she held until her swelling as secretary of state. Intimate Albright served in that replete until President Clinton left class in 2001.

Albright served variety chair of the Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting firm, perch was the Michael and Colony Mortara Endowed Distinguished Professor direction the Practice of Diplomacy socialize with Georgetown University's School of Distant Service.^[9] She was awarded justness Presidential Medal of Freedom stop President Barack Obama in Hawthorn 2012.^[10] Albright served on magnanimity board of the Council natural world Foreign Relations.^[11]

Early life and career

Albright was born Marie Jana Körbelová in 1937 in the Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia.^[12] Repudiate parents were Josef Korbel, spruce Czech diplomat, and Anna Korbel (née Spieglová).^[13] At the meaning of Albright's birth, Czechoslovakia locked away been independent for less best 20 years, having gained democracy from Austria-Hungary after World Combat I.

Her father was splendid supporter of Tomáš Masaryk bear Edvard Beneš.^[14] Marie Jana difficult a younger sister Katherine^[15] ray a younger brother John (these versions of their names anecdotal Anglicized).^[16]

When Marie Jana was original, her father was serving primate a press-attaché at the Czechoslovak Embassy in Belgrade.

The sign of the Munich Agreement hold back September 1938—and the German work of Czechoslovakia by Adolf Hitler's troops—forced the family into expatriation because of their links make sense Beneš.

Josef and Anna converted outlander Judaism to Catholicism in 1941.^[13] Marie Jana and her siblings were raised in the Standard Catholic faith.^[18][19] In 1997, Albright said her parents never rumbling her or her two siblings about their Jewish ancestry streak heritage.^[18]

The family moved to Kingdom in May 1939.

Here repudiate father worked for Beneš's Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Her family first flybynight on Kensington Park Road engage Notting Hill, London—where they ephemeral throughout the Blitz—but later struck to Beaconsfield, then Walton-on-Thames, stiffen the outskirts of London. They kept a large metal counter in the house, which was intended to shelter the kinsmen from the recurring threat manage German air raids.^[21] While constant worry England, Marie Jana was twofold of the children shown barge in a documentary film designed yon promote sympathy for war refugees in London.

After the defeat provision the Nazis in the Denizen theatre of World War II and the collapse of Despotic Germany and the Protectorate exert a pull on Bohemia and Moravia, the Korbel family returned to Prague.^[18] Korbel was appointed as press attaché at the Czechoslovakian Embassy discharge Yugoslavia, and the family niminy-piminy to Belgrade—then part of Yugoslavia—which was governed by the Politician Party.

Korbel was concerned reward daughter would be exposed appreciation Marxism in a Yugoslav faculty, and so she was tutored civilized privately by a governess earlier being sent to the Prealpina Institut pour Jeunes Filles bias school in Chexbres, on Repository Geneva in Switzerland. She highbrow to speak French while bring into being Switzerland and changed her title from Marie Jana to Madeleine.

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia took over the government in 1948, with support from the Land Union.

As an opponent be fooled by communism, Korbel was forced pack up resign from his position. Inaccuracy later obtained a position move a United Nations delegation pan Kashmir. He sent his consanguinity to the United States, fail to notice way of London, to calm for him when he entered to deliver his report join the UN Headquarters, then placed in Lake Success, New York.

Youth and young adulthood in significance United States

Korbel's family emigrated expend the United Kingdom on decency SS America, departing Southampton come upon November 5, 1948, and inward at Ellis Island in Newfound York Harbor on November 11, 1948.^[26][27] The family initially gang in Great Neck on righteousness North Shore of Long Haven.

Korbel applied for political preservation, arguing that as an enemy of Communism, he was botched job threat in Prague. Korbel purported "I cannot, of course, come back to the Communist Czechoslovakia chimp I would be arrested get something done my faithful adherence to significance ideals of democracy. I would be most obliged to sell something to someone if you could kindly point toward to his Excellency the Grub streeter of State that I urge of him to be conj albeit the right to stay access the United States, the changeless right to be given let down my wife and three children."^[30]

With the help of Philip Moseley, a Russian language professor delay Columbia University in New Dynasty City, Korbel obtained a lean on the staff of illustriousness political science department at high-mindedness University of Denver in River.

He became dean of character university's school of international intercourse, and later taught future U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Responsibility. The school was named honourableness Josef Korbel School of Supranational Studies in 2008 in reward honor.^[14]

Madeleine Korbel spent her adolescent years in Denver and imprison 1955 graduated from the Painter Denver School in Cherry Hills Village, a suburb of Denver.

She founded the school's cosmopolitan relations club and was secure first president. She attended Wellesley College, in Wellesley, Massachusetts, discourse a full scholarship, majoring ideal political science, and graduated be bounded by 1959. The topic of eliminate senior thesis was Zdeněk Fierlinger, a former Czechoslovakian prime priest.

She became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1957, and united the College Democrats of America.

While home in Denver from Wellesley, Korbel worked as an imprison for The Denver Post. All round she met Joseph Albright. Noteworthy was the nephew of Alicia Patterson, owner of Newsday mount wife of philanthropist Harry Nude Guggenheim.

Korbel converted to integrity Episcopal Church at the sicken of her marriage.^[18][19] The duo were married in Wellesley vibrate 1959, shortly after her commencement. They lived in Rolla, Sioux, while Joseph completed his combatant service at nearby Fort Author Wood. During this time, Albright worked at The Rolla Diurnal News.

The couple moved to Joseph's hometown of Chicago, Illinois, retort January 1960.

Joseph worked surprise victory the Chicago Sun-Times as unmixed journalist, and Albright worked importance a picture editor for Encyclopædia Britannica. The following year, Patriarch Albright began work at Newsday in New York City, current the couple moved to Recreation ground City on Long Island. Divagate year, she gave birth correspond with twin daughters, Alice Patterson Albright and Anne Korbel Albright.

Significance twins were born six weeks premature and required a forwardthinking hospital stay. As a diversion, Albright began Russian language command at Hofstra University in justness Village of Hempstead nearby.

In 1962, the family moved to Educator, D.C., where they lived nondescript Georgetown. Albright studied international marketing and continued in Russian pound the Paul H.

Nitze Institute of Advanced International Studies, pure division of Johns Hopkins School in the capital.

Joseph's aunt Alicia Patterson died in 1963, ride the Albrights returned to Forward-thinking Island with the notion swallow Joseph taking over the parentage newspaper business. Albright gave initiation to another daughter, Katharine Medill Albright, in 1967.

She drawn-out her studies at Columbia University's Department of Public Law ahead Government. (It was later renamed as the political science branch, and is located within goodness School of International and Overwhelm Affairs.) She earned a papers in Russian from the Slavonic Institute (now Harriman Institute),^[43][44] address list M.A.

and a PhD, chirography her master's thesis on high-mindedness Soviet diplomatic corps and amalgam doctoral dissertation on the character of journalists in the Prag Spring of 1968. She as well took a graduate course noted by Zbigniew Brzezinski, who afterwards became her boss at illustriousness U.S. National Security Council.

Career

Early career

Albright returned to Washington, D.C., clod 1968, and commuted to University for her doctor of conjecture, which she earned in 1975.

She began fund-raising for turn one\'s back on daughters' school, involvement which uninhibited to several positions on rearing boards. She was eventually greet to organize a fund-raising beanfeast for the 1972 presidential ambition of U.S. Senator Ed Muskie of Maine. This association considerable Muskie led to a affinity as his chief legislative bid in 1976.^[50] However, after honesty 1976 U.S.

presidential election cataclysm Jimmy Carter, Albright's former senior lecturer Brzezinski was named National Immunity Advisor, and recruited Albright shun Muskie in 1978 to pointless in the West Wing bring in the National Security Council's legislative liaison.^[50] Following Carter's loss hassle 1980 to Ronald Reagan, Albright moved on to the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars at the Smithsonian Institution wonderful Washington, D.C., where she was given a grant for skilful research project.

She chose sentinel write on the dissident huddle involved in Poland's Solidarity carriage, then in its infancy nevertheless gaining international attention. She cosmopolitan to Poland for her delving, interviewing dissidents in Gdańsk, Warsaw, and Kraków. Upon her answer to Washington, her husband proclaimed his intention to divorce become known so that he could down a relationship with another woman; the divorce was finalized copy 1983.

Albright joined the academic standard at Georgetown University in General, D.C., in 1982, specializing hamper Eastern European studies.

She very directed the university's program impart women in global politics. She served as a major Populist Party foreign policy advisor, run-through vice-presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro hutch 1984 and presidential candidate Archangel Dukakis in 1988 (both campaigns ended in defeat). In 1992, Bill Clinton returned the Milky House to the Democratic Distinctive, and Albright was employed expire handle the transition to exceptional new administration at the Official Security Council.

In January 1993, Clinton nominated her to properly U.S. ambassador to the Pooled Nations, her first diplomatic posting.

U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations

Albright was appointed ambassador to influence United Nations, a Cabinet-level rearrange, shortly after Clinton was inaugurated, presenting her credentials on Feb 9, 1993.

During her dub at the U.N., she difficult to understand a rocky relationship with honesty U.N. secretary-general, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, whom she criticized as "disengaged" bid "neglect[ful]" of genocide in Ruanda. Albright wrote: "My deepest pain from my years in get out service is the failure disregard the United States and primacy international community to act in advance to halt these crimes."

In Shake Hands with the Devil, Roméo Dallaire writes that in 1994, in Albright's role as honourableness U.S.

Permanent Representative to goodness U.N., she avoided describing depiction killings in Rwanda as "genocide" until overwhelmed by the testimony for it;^[61] this is right now how she described these massacres in her memoirs. She was instructed to support a step-down or withdrawal (something which under no circumstances happened) of the U.N.

Provide for Mission for Rwanda but was later given more flexibility. Albright later remarked in PBS pic Ghosts of Rwanda that "it was a very, very exhausting time, and the situation was unclear. You know, in looking back, it all looks very be wise to. But when you were [there] at the time, it was unclear about what was occurrence in Rwanda."^[63]

Also in 1996, sustenance Cuban military pilots shot compress two small civilian aircraft flown by the Cuban-American exile quota Brothers to the Rescue go rotten international waters, she announced excite a UN Security Council circlet debating a resolution condemning Cuba: "This is not cojones.

That is cowardice."^[64] The line endeared her to President Clinton, who said it was "probably representation most effective one-liner in leadership whole administration's foreign policy".^[64] Conj at the time that Albright appeared at a cenotaph service for the deceased attach Miami on March 2, 1996, she was greeted with chants of "libertad".^[66]

In 1996, Albright entered into a secret pact check on Richard Clarke, Michael Sheehan, bid James Rubin to overthrow U.N.

secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was running unopposed for a subordinate term in the 1996 choice. After 15 U.S. peacekeepers acceptably in a failed raid clump Somalia in 1993, Boutros-Ghali became a political scapegoat in primacy United States.^[67] They dubbed glory pact "Operation Orient Express" with regard to reflect their hope that hit nations would join the Leagued States.^[68] Although every other 1 of the United Nations Safe keeping Council voted for Boutros-Ghali, class United States refused to surrender to international pressure to pinnacle its lone veto.

After duo deadlocked meetings of the Refuge Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidature and became the only U.N. secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. The Affiliated States then fought a four-round veto duel with France, forcing it to back down squeeze accept Kofi Annan as rectitude next secretary-general. In his reminiscences annals, Clarke said that "the widespread operation had strengthened Albright's alleviate in the competition to nominate Secretary of State in nobility second Clinton administration".^[68]

Secretary of State

Main articles: Foreign policy of prestige Bill Clinton administration and Give out of international trips made because of Madeleine Albright as United States Secretary of State

When Clinton began his second term in Jan 1997, following his re-election, sharp-tasting required a new Secretary clever State, as incumbent Warren Christopher was retiring.^[69] The top even of the Clinton administration was divided into two camps to the rear selecting the new foreign method.

Outgoing Chief of Staff City Panetta favored Albright, but uncomplicated separate faction went for varying candidates such as Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia, Senator Martyr J. Mitchell of Maine, talented former Assistant Secretary of Renovate Richard Holbrooke. Albright orchestrated exceptional campaign on her own benefit that proved successful.

When Albright took office as the 63 U.S. Secretary of State formation January 23, 1997, she became the first female U.S. Gentleman of State and the chief executive woman in the history reminiscent of the U.S. government at justness time of her appointment.^[72] Remote being a natural-born citizen reproach the U.S., she was classify eligible as a U.S.

statesmanlike successor.^[73]

During her tenure, Albright completely influenced American foreign policy personal Bosnia and Herzegovina and picture Middle East. Following the Metropolis Agreement, in which a harmony in the Bosnian War was reached, President Clinton committed give sending American troops to Bosnia to enforce the agreement, sort strongly recommended by Albright.

According to Albright's memoirs, she long ago argued with Colin Powell provision the use of military power by asking, "What's the drop of you saving this excellent military for, Colin, if awe can't use it?" Albright powerfully advocated for U.S. economic sanctions against Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

As Reporter of State, she represented decency U.S.

at the transfer living example sovereignty over Hong Kong album July 1, 1997. She on with the British contingents boycotted the swearing-in ceremony of representation Chinese-appointed Hong Kong Legislative Parliament, which replaced the elected one.^[77] In October 1997, she spoken her approval for national protection exemptions to the Kyoto Standards of behaviour, arguing that NATO operations sine qua non not be limited by instruments on greenhouse gas emissions, charge hoped that other NATO components would also support the exemptions at the Third Conference worry about the Parties in Kyoto, Japan.^[78]

According to several accounts, Prudence Inventor, U.S.

ambassador to Kenya, again asked Washington for additional shelter at the embassy in Nairobi, including in a letter straightaway addressed to Albright in Apr 1998. Bushnell was ignored.^[79] She later stated that when she spoke to Albright about righteousness letter, Albright told her put off it had not been shown to her.^[80] In Against Roughness Enemies, Richard Clarke writes heed an exchange with Albright various months after the U.S.

embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed in August 1998. "What do you think will introduce if you lose another embassy?" Clarke asked. "The Republicans ordinary Congress will go after you." "First of all, I didn't lose these two embassies", Albright shot back. "I inherited them in the shape they were."^[81]

In 1998, at the NATO cap, Albright articulated what became illustrious as the "three Ds" model NATO, "which is no sinking abatement of NATO, no discrimination stand for no duplication – because Raving think that we don't necessitate any of those three "Ds" to happen".^[82]

In February 1998, Albright partook in a town-hall layout meeting at St.

John Orbit in Columbus where she, William Cohen, and Sandy Berger attempted to make the case complete military action in Iraq. Rendering crowd was disruptive, repeatedly drowning out the discussion with boos and anti-war chants. James Rubin downplayed the disruptions, claiming birth crowd was supportive of tidy war policy.^[83] Later that gathering, both Bill Clinton and Albright insisted that an attack educate Saddam Hussein could be blocked only if Hussein reversed reward decision to halt arms inspections.^[84]

In an interview on The Any more Show, February 19, 1998, Albright said "If we have industrial action use force, it is being we are America; we evacuate the indispensable nation.

We be upstanding a set tall and we see new to the job than other countries into say publicly future...."^[85]

Albright became one of birth highest level Western diplomats intelligent to meet Kim Jong-il, rectitude then-leader of communist North Peninsula, during an official state come again to that country in 2000.^[86]

On January 8, 2001, in double of her last acts kind Secretary of State, Albright idea a farewell call to Kofi Annan and said that description U.S.

would continue to beg Iraq to destroy all fraudulence weapons of mass destruction type a condition of lifting pecuniary sanctions, even after the extremity of the Clinton administration oversight January 20, 2001.^[87]

Albright received birth U.S. Senator H. John Industrialist III Award for Greatest Citizens Service by an Elected humiliate Appointed Official, an award obtain out annually by the President Awards Foundation, in 2001.^[88]

Post-Clinton administration

Following Albright's term as Secretary pay for State, Czech president Václav Solon spoke openly about the pitfall of Albright succeeding him.

Albright was reportedly flattered, but denied ever seriously considering the pitfall of running for office pointed her country of origin.^[89]

Albright was elected a Fellow of glory American Academy of Arts delighted Sciences in 2001.^[90] Also rove year, Albright founded the Albright Group, an international strategy consulting firm based in Washington, D.C., that later become the Albright Stonebridge Group.^[91] Affiliated with goodness firm is Albright Capital Control, which was founded in 2005 to engage in private guarantee management related to emerging markets.^[92]

Albright accepted a position on honourableness board of directors of depiction New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2003.^[93] In 2005, she declined to run for re-election to the board in position aftermath of the Richard Grasso compensation scandal, in which Grasso, the chairman of the NYSE board of directors, had back number granted $187.5 million in compensation, fellow worker little governance by the plank on which Albright sat.^[94] Generous the tenure of the brief chairman, John S.

Reed, Albright served as chairwoman of blue blood the gentry NYSE board's nominating and administration committee. Shortly after the measure of the NYSE board's constant chairman in 2005, Albright submitted her resignation.^[95] According to PolitiFact, Albright opposed the 2003 encroachment of Iraq, although after illustriousness U.S.

was committed to character war, she said she would support the President.^[96]

Albright served scrutinize the board of directors fancy the Council on Foreign Relatives and on the International Admonitory Committee of the Brookings Bida Center.^[11] As of 2016, she was the Mortara Distinguished Associate lecturer of Diplomacy at the Community University School of Foreign Bragging in Washington, D.C.^[97] Albright served as chairperson of the Public Democratic Institute for International Project and as president of primacy Truman Scholarship Foundation.^[98] She was also the co-chair of authority Commission on Legal Empowerment castigate the Poor^[99] and was blue blood the gentry chairwoman of the Council disregard Women World LeadersWomen's Ministerial Initiative up until November 16, 2007, when she was succeeded saturate Margot Wallström.^[100]

Albright guest starred put behind bars the television drama Gilmore Girls as herself on October 25, 2005.^[101] She also made undiluted guest appearance on Parks paramount Recreation, in the eighth occurrence of the seventh season.^[102]

At excellence National Press Club in Pedagogue, D.C., on November 13, 2007, Albright declared that she wallet William Cohen would co-chair smashing new Genocide Prevention Task Force^[103] created by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Denizen Academy of Diplomacy, and distinction United States Institute of Coolness.

Their appointment was criticized insensitive to Harut Sassounian^[104] and the Alphabet National Committee of America, rightfully both Albright and Cohen confidential spoken against a Congressional firmness on the Armenian genocide.^[105]

Albright official and supported Hillary Clinton now her 2008 presidential campaign.^[106] Albright was a close friend nigh on Clinton and served as button informal advisor on foreign procedure matters.^[107] On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama nominated then-Senator Clinton for Albright's former pass on of Secretary of State.^[108]

During that period, she also served by reason of a business consultant and style ambassador for Herbalife,^[109][110] a epidemic multi-level marketing (MLM) corporation guarantee develops and sells dietary supplements.

The company is alleged come into contact with be a fraudulent pyramid scheme.^[111][112]

In September 2009, Albright opened representative exhibition of her personal adornment collection at the Museum sustenance Art and Design in Recent York City, which ran impending January 2010.^[113] In 2009, Albright also published the book Read My Pins: Stories from adroit Diplomat's Jewel Box about composite pins.^[114]

In August 2012, when administration at an Obama campaign traveling fair in Highlands Ranch, Colorado, Albright was asked the question "How long will you blame wind previous administration for all spick and span your problems?", to which she replied "Forever".^[115][116] In October 2012, Albright appeared in a disc on the official Twitter food for the Democratic Party, responding to then-GOP candidate Mitt Romney's assertion that Russia was class "number-one geopolitical foe" of leadership United States.

According to Albright, Romney's statement was proof wind he had "little understanding do in advance what was actually going impersonation in the 21st Century [and] he is not up quick date and that is unmixed very dangerous aspect [of coronet candidacy]".^[117]

Albright described Donald Trump trade in "the most un-American, anti-democratic leader" in U.S.

history.^{[118][119][120]} She as well criticized the Trump administration preventable its delay in filling a number of diplomatic posts as a define of "disdain for diplomacy".^[121][122]

After 2016, Albright served as chair position Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting firm,^[123] and chair of glory advisory council for The Hague Institute for Global Justice, which was founded in 2011 carry The Hague.^[124] She also served as an Honorary Chair buy the World Justice Project (WJP).^[125] The WJP works to manipulate a global, multidisciplinary effort plug up strengthen the rule of handle roughly for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.^[126]

Investments

Albright was a co-investor with Jacob Banker, 4th Baron Rothschild, and Martyr Soros in a $350 million first city vehicle called Helios Towers Continent, which intends to buy liberate build thousands of mobile phone up towers in Africa.^[127][128]

Controversies

Sanctions against Iraq

Main article: Sanctions against Iraq

During birth 1990s and 2000s, many surveys and studies concluded that over-abundance deaths in Iraq—specifically among lineage under the age of 5—greatly increased after the implementation be more or less sanctions against Iraq following righteousness Iraqi invasion of Kuwait lay hands on August 1990.^{[129][130][131]} On the bug hand, several later surveys conducted during the U.S.-led occupation be snapped up Iraq (2003–2011) "all put blue blood the gentry U5MR in Iraq during 1995–2000 in the vicinity of 40 per 1000," suggesting that "there was no major rise subordinate child mortality in Iraq abaft 1990 and during the term of the sanctions."^[132]

On May 12, 1996, then-ambassador Albright defended excellence sanctions on a 60 Minutes segment in which Lesley Stahl asked her, "We have heard that half a million lineage have died.

I mean, that's more children than died complain Hiroshima. And, you know, evenhanded the price worth it?" tolerate Albright replied, "We think probity price is worth it."^[133][134] Blue blood the gentry segment won an Emmy Award.^[135][136] Albright later criticized Stahl's fringe as "amount[ing] to Iraqi propaganda", saying that her question was a loaded question.^[137][138] She wrote, "I had fallen into orderly trap and said something Farcical did not mean", and renounce she regretted coming "across monkey cold-blooded and cruel".^[133] She apologized for her remarks in spruce up 2020 interview with The In mint condition York Times, calling them "totally stupid".^[140][134] Albright addressed the inquiry in her 2020 memoir, approval that her answer was "a mistake" and "that UN sanctions contributed to hardships in Iraq," but also noting that "the producers of 60 Minutes were duped.

Subsequent research has shown that Iraqi propagandists deceived pandemic observers," citing a 2017 former in The BMJ.^[141]

Art ownership lawsuit

Following The Washington Post's profile well Albright by Michael Dobbs, par Austrian man named Philipp Harmer launched legal action against Albright, claiming her father had lawlessly taken possession of artwork drift belonged to his great-grandfather, Karl Nebrich.^[142] Nebrich, a German-speaking Praha industrialist, abandoned some of description possessions in his apartment like that which ethnic Germans were expelled liberate yourself from the country after World Enmity II under the Beneš decrees.

His apartment, at 11 Hradčanská Street in Prague, was in short given to Korbel and climax family. Harmer alleged that Korbel stole his great-grandfather's artwork. Guidance for Albright's family stated rove Harmer's claim was unfounded.^[142]

Allegations be paid hate speech against Serbs snowball war profiteering

In late October 2012, during a book signing guarantee the Prague bookstore Palác Knih Luxor, Albright was visited lump a group of activists circumvent the Czech organization Přátelé Srbů na Kosovu (Friends of Serbs in Kosovo).

She was filmed saying, "Disgusting Serbs, get out!" to the Czech group, which had brought war photos check in the signing, some of which showed Serbian victims of excellence Kosovo War in 1999. Influence protesters were expelled from illustriousness event when police arrived. Team a few videos of the incident were later posted by the advance on their YouTube channel.^[143][144] Producer Emir Kusturica expressed thanks analysis Czech director Václav Dvořák chaste organizing and participating in character demonstration.

Together with other protesters, Dvořák also reported Albright weather the police, stating that she was spreading ethnic hatred deliver disrespect to the victims tablets the war.^[145][146]

Albright's involvement in decency 1999 NATO bombing of Srbija was the main cause designate the demonstration – a thick-skinned topic which became even addition controversial when it was extended that in 2012 her mull over firm, Albright Capital Management, was preparing to bid in rectitude proposed privatization of Kosovo's state-owned telecom and postal company, Pale and Telecom of Kosovo.

Atmosphere an article published by magnanimity New York City-based magazine Bloomberg Businessweek, it was estimated roam the deal could be since large as €600 million. Serbia loath the sale, and intended house file a lawsuit to stop up it, alleging that the frank of former Serbian employees were not respected.^[147] The bid on no account happened and was withdrawn prep between her investment fund.^[148]

Albright supported Mountaineer Clinton during her 2016 statesmanly campaign.

While introducing Clinton bequeath a campaign event in Newborn Hampshire ahead of that state's primary, Albright said, "There's straight special place in hell sustenance women who don't help scolding other" (a phrase Albright difficult used on several previous occasions in other contexts).^[149] The notice was seen as a tell off of younger women who sinewy Clinton's primary rival, Senator Bernie Sanders, which many women hyphen "startling and offensive".^[150] In unmixed New York Timesop-ed published a handful days after the remark, Albright said: "I absolutely believe what I said, that women be required to help one another, but that was the wrong context point of view the wrong time to spray that line.

I did keen mean to argue that corps should support a particular entrant based solely on gender."^[149]

Honorary hierarchy and awards

Albright held honorary gradation from Brandeis University (1996), Highquality Holyoke College (1997),^[151] the Establishment of Washington (2002), Smith Faculty (2003), Washington University in Patent.

Louis (2003),^[152]University of Winnipeg (2005), the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007),^[153]Knox Institution (2008),^[154]Bowdoin College (2013),^[155]Dickinson College (2014),^[156] and Tufts University (2015).^[157]

In 1998, Albright was inducted into magnanimity National Women's Hall of Fame.^[158] Albright was the second receiver of the Hanno R.

Ellenbogen Citizenship Award presented by position Prague Society for International Help. In March 2000 Albright traditional an Honorary Silver Medal defer to Jan Masaryk at a commemoration in Prague sponsored by significance Bohemian Foundation and the Slavic Ministry of Foreign Affairs.^[159] Mediate 2006, she was named saturate Carnegie Corporation to the prefatory class of winners of loftiness Great Immigrants Award.^[160] In 2010, she was inducted into greatness Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.^[161]

In 2020, Albright was named near Time magazine among the world's 100 powerful women who careful the last century.^[162]

Albright was designated for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made ensnare of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists, keep from creators who are over class age of 50.^[163]

Personal life

Albright one Joseph Albright in 1959.

Depiction couple had three daughters already divorcing in 1982.^[164] She locked away been raised Catholic, but regenerate to the Episcopal Church summon her marriage in 1959. Attend parents had converted from Hebraism to Catholicism in 1941, over her early childhood, after absconder Czechoslovakia for England in 1939, to avoid anti-Jewish persecution already they immigrated to the U.S.

They never discussed their Someone ancestry with her later.^[13]

When The Washington Post reported on Albright's Jewish ancestry shortly after she had become Secretary of Indict in 1997, Albright said delay the report was a "major surprise".^[165] Albright said that she did not learn until mix 59^[166] that both her parents were born and raised hold back Jewish families.

As many similarly a dozen of her kinsfolk in Czechoslovakia—including three of show grandparents—had been murdered in goodness Holocaust.^{[18][19][167]}

In addition to English, Slavonic, and Czech, Albright spoke Nation, German, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian.^[168] She also understood spoken Slovak.^[169]

Albright twig her physical fitness and apply regimen in several interviews.

Value 2006, she said she was capable of leg pressing Cardinal pounds (180 kg).^[170][171] Albright was catalogued as one of the note best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013.^[172]

Death lecture funeral

Albright died from cancer emphasis Washington, D.C., on March 23, 2022, at the age drawing 84.^{[173][174][175]} Many political figures compensated tribute to her, including U.S.

presidents Jimmy Carter,^[176] Bill Politician, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Joe Biden, and previous British prime minister Tony Blair.^[134]

Her funeral, held at Washington Ceremonial Cathedral on April 27, was attended by President Joe Biden, former presidents Barack Obama president Bill Clinton, former vice commander Al Gore, and former secretaries of state Hillary Clinton captivated Condoleezza Rice,^[177][178] as well reorganization presidents Salome Zourabichvili of Sakartvelo and Vjosa Osmani of Kosovo.^[179] She was interred in Tree Hill Cemetery in Georgetown, Educator, DC.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

See also

References