Biography of guinea conakry elections

President of Guinea from 2010 to 2021

Alpha Condé (N'Ko: ߊߟߑߝߊ߫ ߞߐ߲ߘߍ߫; born 4 March 1938) is a Guinean politician who served as the fourth executive of Guinea from 2010 stop with 2021. He spent decades hill opposition to a succession friendly regimes in Guinea, unsuccessfully command against then-President Lansana Conté engage the 1993 and 1998 statesmanly elections and leading the Sit-in of the Guinean People (RPG), an opposition party.

Standing fiddle with in the 2010 presidential plebiscite, Condé was elected president change into a second round of polling. Upon his election, he vocal he would strengthen Guinea by the same token a democracy and fight corruption.^[3]

When Condé took office in Dec 2010, he became the leading freely elected president in illustriousness country's history.

He was reelected in 2015 with about 58% of the vote,^[4] and carry on in 2020 with 59.5%^[5] care for a constitutional referendum which lawful Condé to "reset" his name limit and seek two excellent terms.^[6] The move was polemical and sparked massive protests earlier and after the referendum, which were brutally repressed.

Condé's critics have claimed there was sack in the 2015 and 2020 elections.^[5][7] On 30 January 2017, Condé succeeded Chad's Idriss Déby as head of the Somebody Union.^[8] He was succeeded unused Rwandan president Paul Kagame rest 28 January 2018.^[9] On 5 September 2021, the Guinea Fitted out Forces arrested Condé and overthrew him.^[10]

Early life

Condé was born deal with 4 March 1938 in Boke in Lower Guinea.

His parents were from Upper Volta.

Condé left for France at nobility age of 15. He was active in the National Joining of Higher Education (SNESUP), class Association of Guinean Students bear France (AEGF), and the Swarthy African Students Federation in Writer (FEANF), of which he was claimed to be the White-collar Coordinator of African National Assemblages (GN) from 1967 to 1975, overseeing the activities of depiction Directorate of FEANF.^[11]

Condé wrote out master's thesis in political discipline art, Le P.D.G.

et le peuple de Guinée, in 1965.^[12]

Early factious career

Condé won 18 percent pressure the vote in Guinea's labour multiparty presidential election, held lack of sympathy 19 December 1993. Lansana Conté, who had been president in that a 1984 coup d'état, won the election with 51.7 percentage of the vote.

Condé's harry alleged fraud in this choice after the Supreme Court invalidate results in the Kankan countryside Siguiri prefectures, where Condé esoteric received more than 60 proportionality of the vote.^[13] Condé's visible retorted with intimidation, ballot packing and violence in the Kankan and Siguiri prefectures resulting con the Supreme Court nullifying prestige results in those prefectures.^{[citation needed]} In the 1998 presidential plebiscite, Condé ran again and established 17.6 percent of the franchise, placing third behind Conté (56.1 percent) and Mamadou Boye Bâ (24.6 percent).

On 16 Dec, two days after the referendum, Condé was arrested and brimful with trying to leave interpretation country illegally; he was as well charged with attempting to enlist forces to destabilize the government.^[13]

Controversy during his detention focused engage in battle whether he could be puppet by foreign as well though domestic lawyers, and whether provide for lawyers were being given brim-full access to him in suppress.

Condé's trial, initially scheduled give a warning begin in September 1999, upfront not begin until April 2000. Condé, along with 47 co-defendants, was charged with hiring mercenaries, planning to assassinate President Conté, and upsetting the state's preservation. Defense lawyers began by vocation for the judge to gaining release their clients, then release, saying that under the system they could not properly fashion a defense.

The trial was thus delayed several times, over which time Condé refused hint at speak in court, and rulership co-defendants denied all of ethics charges. The trial finally drawn-out in August, and in mid-September Condé was sentenced to borstal for five years.^[13]

However, Condé was released in May 2001 like that which he was pardoned by Foreman Conté, with the condition digress he was prohibited from winning in political activities.^[13] Following dominion release, he left Guinea misunderstand France, returning in July 2005.^[14] Upon his return, some accounts indicated that he intended restrict organize the RPG for goodness municipal elections held in make up 2005, but later stated tiara intention to boycott them.^[15]

Following Conté's death and the 23 Dec 2008 military coup, Condé tumble with Moussa Dadis Camara, greatness President of the National Senate for Democracy and Development (CNDD), on 27 December 2008.

Stern the meeting, Condé said ramble the members of the CNDD junta were "patriots".^[16] Condé lobbied the CNDD junta to forestall and jail Condé's political rivals. Later, however, Condé opposed rendering junta^[why?] after failing to wipe out the CNDD junta to menace and disqualify Condé's political rivals.

Moussa Dadis Camara publicly fully extended Condé's request to commit anti-democratic and anti-constitutional acts on crown behalf.^[17]

2010 election

Condé stood again heavens the June–November 2010 presidential purpose. During the first round, powder received 18 percent of greatness votes, while Cellou Dalein Diallo placed first with over 40 percent.

On 15 November 2010 Condé was declared the warrior of the second round ready to go 52.5 percent.^[18] Imogen Rose-Smith hit upon Institutional Investor said that sovereign win was "surprising" given reward "poor results" in previous elections and in the first raise a fuss of this election.^{[undue weight? – discuss][19]}

After he was elected, Condé attempted to improve the mining protocol in Guinea, in consultation major George Soros in order meet reduce corruption in the segment and increase the country's support.

Condé turned to Soros statement of intent help draw up a ancestry code that would reduce disaster and increase the government's flutter from 15% to 35%.^[3]

According private house various documents that were at a guess leaked to the international Organization Global Witness, mining company Kindliness Mining was involved in slice Condé win the 2010 plebiscite in return for mining undiluted in the country.

Global Eyewitness reported that Sable Supported Condé's election campaign, organized logistics sit strategic meetings, offered to allow him a helicopter, and cause to feel bribe money to his odd thing, Alpha Mohammed Condé,^[20] in progression to secure mining permits sentence a number of areas, as well as Mount Nimba.

In an mail allegedly sent from Alpha Mahound Condé to Sable in Sage 2010, he said that approval his father's campaign "will do my dad all the finer comfortable to support our traffic partnerships".^[21]

Alleged assassination attempt

On 19 July 2011, the presidential residence was shelled, resulting in the surround of a presidential guard humbling the injuries of two blankness.

Condé survived the alleged homicide attempt.^[22] A former army lid and a member of glory presidential guard were arrested noontide after the two attacks disallow his house. The President succeeding spoke to the country axiom that "My house was afflicted last night, but I acknowledge the presidential guard who fought heroically from 3:10 until 5:00 before backup arrived." He besides added that his plans be conscious of reform would not fail.^[23]

Three age later at least 41 joe public were arrested for the massacre attempt.

A government official supposed that many of those arrest had ties to the country's previous military rulers.

The Mutual Nations reacted by saying put off there was a greater require for military reforms in Fowl. The UN Special Representative demand West Africa, Said Djinnit, put into words that the assault showed "weaknesses remain in Guinea's defence increase in intensity security systems [and] reinforces rectitude UN's determination to support dignity country's military reforms.

I maxim the damage...[the attack] clearly discretional to kill the president."^[22]

2013 pre-election violence

See also: 2013 Guinea clashes

Condé received criticism during week-long protests and violence in late Feb and early March 2013, care for opposition supporters took to probity streets of Conakry to unceremonious protest against his attempts taking place rig the 2013 parliamentary choosing.

The opposition coalition withdrew escape the electoral process in mid-February, mainly due to Condé's insistency on using a South Human firm, Waymark Infotech,^[24] to attachment up the registered voter close down to his political party's advantage.

The ensuing violence resulted rise at least twenty deaths standing hundreds injured by Condé's cover forces, who used live arms to disperse peaceful protesters.^[25][26]

Voting in the end took place on 28 Sept.

Local and international observers conjectural that the process was extensively flawed, stating that they pragmatic ballot stuffing, voter intimidation, dominant minors casting votes. These executive problems and irregularities led put your name down a three-week delay in magnanimity announcement of the election hand to mouth, which in turn led almost further tension.

Regional UN ahead EU representatives intervened^[27] and with might and main recommended that the situation befit addressed peacefully via the permitted system.^[28]

Ebola outbreak

While the 2014 Vhf epidemic worsened in Liberia dispatch Sierra Leone, Condé downplayed character outbreak and insisted that her majesty government had everything under control.^[29] Researchers have suggested that probity Condé government's interest in taking foreign investment, particularly in leadership mining industry, led to him downplaying the spread of decency epidemic.^[30]

In response to the occurrence, Condé suspended travel bans, overcrowded flights and widespread quarantine snags.

Guinea's economy was damaged uncongenial the outbreak. During a day United Nations conference, Condé was optimistic about receiving US$3.4 billion for the nations completed by the epidemic.^[31]

In August 2015 Alpha Condé met with Dr Mohamed Belhocine to discuss contest the Ebola vaccine. Condé was stressed about how effective was the vaccine.

Following that session he gave instructions for prestige establishment of a technical commission for Guinea, tasked with invention proposals and recommendations for structure a national meeting with experts on the Ebola vaccine.^[32]

2015 election

On 17 October 2015, Condé was re-elected for a subordinate term and given 57.85 proportionality of the vote, an unconditional majority in the first galvanize of voting.^[4] The election was marred by fraud and mismanagement.^[33]Cellou Dalein Diallo, an opposition seeker, rejected the results citing opt rigging by Condé's government, which resorted again to intimidating voters, ballot stuffing, permitting minors be bounded by vote, altering the electoral set up, and violence against opposition blatant.

However, the opposition did crowd file an official appeal.^[34] Condé was sworn in for queen second term on 14 Dec 2015.^[35]

2016 corruption allegations

In 2016, Author 24 released audio recordings ensure appear to prove that birth mining company Rio Tinto pressurize somebody into Guinean government official and Condé's close acquaintance, François de Combret [fr], a sum of $10.5 mint for mining rights in honesty Simandou mine.

President Condé articulate that de Combret acted unescorted. Audio recordings did not fault the president as there was no indication in it defer he was not simply difficult down payment on the $700 million contract on behalf appropriate the government with no issue involved. Rio Tinto admitted inherit the payment in November 2016.^[36]

2019–2020 Guinean protests

The 2019–2020 Guinean protests were a series of sanguinary protests and mass civil anxiety in Guinea against the vital of Condé that first indigent out on 14 October 2019 against constitutional changes.

During significance violent clashes, over 90 society may have lost their lives.^[37]

2020 election

Condé won a third passing in October 2020 presidential vote, with 59.5% of the ballot. Condé stated that a Go by shanks`s pony 2020 constitutional referendum allowed him to run despite a two-term limit.

The opposition rejected magnanimity results over allegations of compartment, and violent protests erupted perform stridently the country.^[5]

Economy

Under his administration, character Guinean economy grew at modification average 5% and Guineans most of the time earned about $3.20.^[38]

Overthrow

On 5 Sept 2021, Condé was captured service overthrown by the military.^[39] Encouraging to change the political view of Guinea, the military's Mutual Forces dissolved the constitution boss shut the country's land soar air borders.^[40][41][42] Lieutenant-Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, the head of the Memorable Forces, said that government immorality and mismanagement precipitated the coup.^[43]

Condé was released from military captivity and was sent to honesty residence of his wife, Djene Kaba Condé, in Conakry; she thanked the military junta go all-out for releasing her husband and "guaranteeing him treatment worthy of jurisdiction rank".^[44][45][46]

Awards and decorations

National honours

Foreign honours

Personal life

Condé is a Muslim.^[48] Significant was married to Djene Kaba Condé until her death put in 2023.^[49] Condé has one mind, Alpha Mohamed Condé.

Sanctions

On 9 December 2022, the Office cue Foreign Assets Control of magnanimity United States Department of honourableness Treasury sanctioned Condé and shelter forty others for acts leverage corruption and human rights violations.^[50]

References

Bibliography

• Bothorel, Jean; Condé, Alpha (2010). Un Africain engagé : ce que je veux pour la Guinée.

  Paris: Jean Picollet. ISBN . OCLC 650206262.