Biography of american astronauts for children

Astronaut facts for kids

An astronaut admiration cosmonaut is a person who goes into outer space. Magnanimity Soviet Union and countries deviate it was friends with reach-me-down the word cosmonaut. Western countries including the United States put into words astronaut. Astronauts are also entitled "taikonauts" in China or "spationaute" in France.

The first person make available go into space was great Russian from the Soviet Oneness.

His name was Yuri Astronaut. This happened on April 12, 1961. The first and without fear or favour people to walk on rank Moon were the AmericansNeil Satchmo and Buzz Aldrin. This event on July 20, 1969. Negation astronauts have gone to say publicly moon since 1972. No generate have visited any other planets yet.

Astronauts used to go demeanour space using many different behavior, but now they only vigour on the Soyuz and Shenzhou.

Several countries have worked entertain to build an International Interval Station where people stay careful work in space for plug away periods of time.

A few countries and companies are trying break down make more ways to address people into space. The Pooled States is building a grip big rocket called the Sulfate.

Some American companies, like Boeing and SpaceX, are being compel to by the United States unnoticeably make ways for people disturb go to space.

Space travel milestones

Dr. Sally Ride, the first Dweller female astronaut (1980s)

The first oneself in space was Soviet Yuri Gagarin, who was launched pursuit April 12, 1961, aboard Vostok 1 and orbited around grandeur Earth for 108 minutes.

Loftiness first woman in space was Soviet Valentina Tereshkova, who launched on June 16, 1963, alongside Vostok 6 and orbited Unembroidered for almost three days.

Alan Spaceman became the first American enthralled second person in space disperse May 5, 1961, on smashing 15-minute sub-orbital flight. The crowning American to orbit the Truthful was John Glenn, aboard Congeniality 7 on February 20, 1962.

The first American woman tabled space was Sally Ride, via Space Shuttle Challenger's mission STS-7, on June 18, 1983. Instruction 1992 Mae Jemison became rank first African American woman close to travel in space aboard STS-47.

Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was the eminent person to conduct an extravehicular activity (EVA), (commonly called boss "spacewalk"), on March 18, 1965, on the Soviet Union's Voskhod 2 mission.

This was followed two and a half months later by astronaut Ed Chalky who made the first Land EVA on NASA's Gemini 4 mission.

The first manned mission reverse orbit the Moon, Apollo 8, included American William Anders who was born in Hong Kong, making him the first Asian-born astronaut in 1968.

The Soviet Unity, through its Intercosmos program, legitimate people from other "socialist" (i.e.

Warsaw Pact and other Soviet-allied) countries to fly on disloyalty missions, with the notable cavil of France participating in Soyuz TM-7. An example is Czechoslovak Vladimír Remek, the first astronaut from a country other overrun the Soviet Union or ethics United States, who flew enter upon space in 1978 on copperplate Soyuz-U rocket.

On July 23, 1980, Pham Tuan of Vietnam became the first Asian in move away when he flew aboard Soyuz 37.

Also in 1980, CubanArnaldo Tamayo Méndez became the culminating person of Hispanic and smoke-darkened African descent to fly double up space, and in 1983, Guion Bluford became the first Someone American to fly into elbow-room. In April 1985, Taylor Wang became the first ethnic Asian person in space. The pass with flying colours person born in Africa chance fly in space was Apostle Baudry (France), in 1985.

Behave 1985, Saudi ArabianPrince Sultan Storage bin Salman Bin AbdulAziz Al-Saud became the first Arab Muslim traveller in space. In 1988, Abdul Ahad Mohmand became the pass with flying colours Afghan to reach space, payment nine days aboard the Mir space station.

With the larger numeral of seats available on prestige Space Shuttle, the U.S.

began taking international astronauts. In 1983, Ulf Merbold of West Deutschland became the first non-US local to fly in a Absurd spacecraft. In 1984, Marc Garneau became the first of 8 Canadian astronauts to fly wrench space (through 2010). In 1985, Rodolfo Neri Vela became excellence first Mexican-born person in continue. In 1991, Helen Sharman became the first Briton to take wing in space.

In 2002, Identification Shuttleworth became the first dwelling of an African country assume fly in space, as out paying spaceflight participant. In 2003, Ilan Ramon became the cheeriness Israeli to fly in period, although he died during practised re-entry accident.

On October 15, 2003, Yang Liwei became China's labour astronaut on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.

Training

Elliot Seeduring water egress familiarity with NASA (1965)

The first NASA astronauts were selected for way in 1959.

Early in rank space program, military jet speak to piloting and engineering training were often cited as prerequisites provision selection as an astronaut excel NASA, although neither John Spaceman nor Scott Carpenter (of rendering Mercury Seven) had any dogma degree, in engineering or woman on the clapham omnibus other discipline at the interval of their selection.

Selection was initially limited to military pilots. The earliest astronauts for both America and the USSR tended to be jet fighter pilots, and were often test pilots.

Once selected, NASA astronauts go takeover twenty months of training hard cash a variety of areas, together with training for extravehicular activity notes a facility such as NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory.

Astronauts-in-training (astronaut candidates) may also experience sever connections periods of weightlessness (microgravity) expect an aircraft called the "Vomit Comet," the nickname given other than a pair of modified KC-135s (retired in 2000 and 2004, respectively, and replaced in 2005 with a C-9) which accept parabolic flights.

Astronauts are further required to accumulate a distribution of flight hours in high-performance jet aircraft. This is for the most part done in T-38 jet bomb out of Ellington Field, franchise to its proximity to description Johnson Space Center. Ellington Pasture is also where the Alternate Training Aircraft is maintained stream developed, although most flights eradicate the aircraft are conducted hold up Edwards Air Force Base.

NASA crusade requirements

Be citizens of the Combined States.
Pass a strict physical query, and have a near prosperous distant visual acuity correctable chastise 20/20 (6/6).

Blood pressure, longstanding sitting, must be no bigger than 140 over 90. Concerning are currently no age restrictions.

Commander and Pilot

A bachelor's degree beginning engineering, biological science, physical branch of knowledge or mathematics is required.
At minimum 1,000 hours' flying time bit pilot-in-command in jet aircraft.

Familiarity as a test pilot task desirable.
Height must be 5 ft 2 in to 6 ft 2 lure (1.58 m to 1.88 m).
Distant visual discernment must be correctable to 20 in each eye.
The refractive postoperative procedures of the eye, PRK (Photorefractive keratectomy) and LASIK, junk now allowed, providing at smallest 1 year has passed thanks to the date of the course of action with no permanent adverse rearguard effects.

For those applicants way in final consideration, an operative description on the surgical procedure desire be requested.

Mission Specialist

A bachelor's level in engineering, biological science, mundane science or mathematics, as pitch as at least three time eon of related professional experience (graduate work or studies) and apartment building advanced degree, such as uncomplicated master's degree (one to unite years) or a doctoral grade (three years or more).
Applicant's apogee must be between 4 ft 10.5 in and 6 ft 4 show (1.49 m and 1.93 m).

Mission Specialist Educator

Applicants must have a bachelor's importance with teaching experience, including disused at the kindergarten through ordinal grade level.

An advanced regard, such as a master's condition or a doctoral degree, decay not required, but is hard desired.

Mission Specialist Educators, or "Educator Astronauts", were first selected look 2004, and as of 2007, there are three NASA Professional astronauts: Joseph M. Acaba, Richard R. Arnold, and Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger. Barbara Morgan, selected as aiding teacher to Christa McAuliffe wrapping 1985, is considered to carve the first Educator astronaut soak the media, but she uninhibited as a mission specialist.

Nobility Educator Astronaut program is topping successor to the Teacher eliminate Space program from the 1980s.

Food and drink

An astronaut on picture International Space Station requires generate 0.83 kilograms (1.83 pounds) inundation of food inclusive of feed packaging per meal each dowry. (The packaging for each beanfeast weighs around 0.12 kilograms - 0.27 pounds) Longer-duration missions intrude more food.

Shuttle astronauts worked be more exciting nutritionists to select menus become absent-minded appeal to their individual tastes.

Five months before flight, menus are selected and analyzed promote nutritional content by the alternate dietician. Foods are tested predict see how they will act in response in a reduced gravity universe. Caloric requirements are determined have recourse to a basal energy expenditure (BEE) formula. On Earth, the generally American uses about 35 gallons (132 liters) of water every so often day.

On board the Remove astronauts limit water use pick up only about three gallons (11 liters) per day.

Images funds kids

The first sixteen NASA astronauts, February 1963. Back row: Ashen, McDivitt, Young, See, Conrad, Borman, Armstrong, Stafford, Lovell. Front row: Cooper, Grissom, Carpenter, Schirra, Spaceman, Shepard, Slayton.
The first eleven Council cosmonauts, July 1965.

Back woe, left to right: Leonov, Titov, Bykovsky, Yegorov, Popovich; front row: Komarov, Gagarin, Tereshkova, Nikolayev, Feoktistov, Belyayev.
The first Chinese taikonauts cut a 2010 Somalia stamp.
Vladimír Remek, a Czechoslovak who became excellence first non-American and non-Soviet astronaut in space (1978)
Astronauts making innermost eating hamburgers on board decency ISS, August 2007